Effect of diurnal temperature range on the number of elderly inpatients with ischemic stroke in Hunan Province / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To study the effect of diurnal temperature range on the number of elderly inpatients with ischemic stroke in Hunan Province. Method: Demographic and disease data, meteorological data, air quality data, population, economic and health resource data of elderly inpatients with ischemic stroke were collected in 122 districts/counties of Hunan Province from January to December 2019. The relationships between the diurnal temperature range and the number of elderly inpatients with ischemic stroke were analyzed by using the distributed lag non-linear model, including the cumulative lag effect of the diurnal temperature range in different seasons, extremely high diurnal temperature range and extremely low diurnal temperature range. Results: In 2019, 152 875 person-times were admitted to the hospital for ischemic stroke in the elderly in Hunan Province. There was a non-linear relationship between the diurnal temperature range and the number of elderly patients with ischemic stroke, with different lag periods. In spring and winter, with the decrease in diurnal temperature range, the risk of admission of elderly patients with ischemic stroke increased (Ptrend<0.001, Ptrend=0.002);in summer, with the increase in diurnal temperature range, the risk of admission of elderly patients with ischemic stroke increased (Ptrend=0.024);in autumn, the change in the diurnal temperature range would not cause a change in admission risk (Ptrend=0.089). Except that the lag effect of the extremely low diurnal temperature range in autumn was not obvious, the lag effect occurred in other seasons under extremely low and extremely high diurnal temperature ranges. Conclusion: The high diurnal temperature range in summer and the low diurnal temperature range in spring and winter will increase the risk of admission of elderly patients with ischemic stroke, and the risk of admission of elderly patients with ischemic stroke will lag under the extremely low and extremely high diurnal temperature ranges in the above three seasons.

The Relationship between Japanese Encephalitis and Environmental Factors in China Explored Using National Surveillance Data / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious public health issue. This study was undertaken to better understand the relationship between JE distribution and environmental factors in China. JE data from 2005 to 2010 were retrieved from National Notifiable Disease Report System. ArcGIS, remote sensing techniques, and R software was used to exhibit and explore the relationship between JE distribution and environmental factors. Our results indicated that JE cases were mostly concentrated in warm-temperate, semitropical and tropical zones with annual precipitation > 400 mm; Broad-leaved evergreen forest, shrubs, paddy field, irrigated land, dryland, evergreen coniferous forest, and shrubland were risk factors for JE occurrence, and the former five were risk factors for counties with high JE incidence. These findings will inform the effective allocation of limited health resources such as intensive vaccination, surveillance and training in areas with high environmental risk factors.

Association between cardiac changes and stress, and the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ on stress-induced myocardial injury in mice / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of stress induced by high-intensity exercises on the cardiovascular system. In the epidemiological investigation, 200 subjects (test group) engaged in special high-intensity exercises, and 97 who lived and worked in the same environment and conditions as those in the test group, but did not participate in the exercises served as controls. In the second part of the study, 50 mice were randomly divided into control group, exhaustive swimming group, white noise group, exhaustive swimming plus white noise group, and pioglitazone intervention group. The results showed that the plasma concentrations of the myocardial injury markers heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), C-reactive protein (CRP), β-endorphin (β-EP) and levels of psychological stress were significantly increased in test group as compared with control group; special high-intensity exercises resulted in a significant elevation of the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. Animal experiments showed that the plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT) and troponin I (TnI) were raised while the level of SOD was reduced in exhaustive swimming group, white noise group, and exhaustive swimming plus white noise group. The expression levels of PPARγ mRNA and protein were decreased in myocardial tissues in these groups as well. HE staining showed no remarkable change in myocardial tissues in all the groups. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased the plasma levels of TnI and CORT, while increased the level of SOD and the expression levels of PPARγ mRNA and protein. It was concluded that the high-intensity exercises may induce a heavy physical and psychological stress and predispose the subjects to accumulated fatigue and sleep deprivation; high-intensity exercises also increases the incidence of arrhythmias and myocardial injury. PPARγ may be involved in the physical and psychological changes induced by high-intensity exercises.

Association between cardiac changes and stress, and the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ on stress-induced myocardial injury in mice / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of stress induced by high-intensity exercises on the cardiovascular system. In the epidemiological investigation, 200 subjects (test group) engaged in special high-intensity exercises, and 97 who lived and worked in the same environment and conditions as those in the test group, but did not participate in the exercises served as controls. In the second part of the study, 50 mice were randomly divided into control group, exhaustive swimming group, white noise group, exhaustive swimming plus white noise group, and pioglitazone intervention group. The results showed that the plasma concentrations of the myocardial injury markers heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), C-reactive protein (CRP), β-endorphin (β-EP) and levels of psychological stress were significantly increased in test group as compared with control group; special high-intensity exercises resulted in a significant elevation of the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. Animal experiments showed that the plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT) and troponin I (TnI) were raised while the level of SOD was reduced in exhaustive swimming group, white noise group, and exhaustive swimming plus white noise group. The expression levels of PPARγ mRNA and protein were decreased in myocardial tissues in these groups as well. HE staining showed no remarkable change in myocardial tissues in all the groups. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreased the plasma levels of TnI and CORT, while increased the level of SOD and the expression levels of PPARγ mRNA and protein. It was concluded that the high-intensity exercises may induce a heavy physical and psychological stress and predispose the subjects to accumulated fatigue and sleep deprivation; high-intensity exercises also increases the incidence of arrhythmias and myocardial injury. PPARγ may be involved in the physical and psychological changes induced by high-intensity exercises.

Imported B3 genotype measles viruses were isolated from measles cases in the Chinese mainland / 病毒学报

We isolated and identified the genotypes and molecular characteristics of the imported B3 measles virus (MeV) in the Chinese mainland. The Vero/SLAM cell line was used to isolate the viruses. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was undertaken to amplify the 450 nucleotide acids of the 3-terminal of the nucleoprotein gene. A phylogenetic tree was constructed and similarities in homology assessed. Results suggested that the Shanghai isolates MVi/Shanghai. CHN/38. 13/02 [B3] and MVi/Shanghai. CHN/40. 13/02[B3] were clustered within the same genotype group as the World Health Organization (WHO) B3 genotype reference strain. The number of differences in nucleotide acids between the two Shanghai isolates was one. The homology of nucleotide acids between the Shanghai isolates and the WHO B3 genotype reference strain (MVi/Ibadan. NGA/0.97/1/B3) was 98%. Comparative results from the Measles Nucleotide Surveillance system suggested that the sequences of Shanghai isolates and the 2013 vi- ruses from Australia, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong China, Philippines and Iran were identical. This is the first time that the B3 genotype of MeV in the Chinese mainland has been isolated since 1993. These data can be used to create a "baseline" of genetic information for measles viruses in China, and help to trace the transmission of measles viruses in China and the rest of the world.

The comparison of two newborn cytomegalovirus IgG antibody screening ELISA kits / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study compared two newborn Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibody screening ELISA kits and evaluated the detection effectiveness of Abnova kit.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CMV IgG antibodies were detected by both SeraQuest and Abnova kits from dried blood spot (DBS) samples of 488 newborn heel sticks. The detection abilities of these two kits were compared in different sample dilution concentrations. Relative detection effectiveness of the Abnova kit was defined by statistical method using the SeraQuest kit as a point of comparison.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared to the SeraQuest screening test kit, the Abnova kit revealed a sensitivity of 98.9%, specificity of 78.6%, positive predictive value of 99.3%, negative predictive value of 68.8%, and the coincidence rate for these two screening test kits at 98.3%. The consistency check of both kits based on interpretation of the kappa statistic was relatively good. For the Abnova kit, the "area under the ROC curve" was 0.887, which indicates moderate accuracy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Abnova kit can be applied to newborn screening for congenital CMV infections. However, repeating the test for ambiguous results is suggested to increase the specificity and negative predictive value.</p>

Randomized controlled study on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with different acupuncture methods at different stages / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the efficacy on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treated with different acupuncture methods at different stages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and eighty cases of KOA were divided into stagnation stage, fascia cramp stage and tendon lesion stage according to the condition of disease, 60 cases in each stage. Each stage was randomized into a staging treatment group and an electroacupuncture (EA) group, 30 cases in each one. In the staging treatment group, acupuncture at the tendon points of meridians and electric thermal needling method were adopted for the cases at the stagnation stage; the small needle-knife therapy and bleeding method were used for the cases at the fascia cramp stage; and the electric thermal therapy with thick silver needles was applied for the cases at the tendon lesion stage. In the EA group, EA was applied for the cases of all the three stages at Liangqiu (ST 34), Xuehai (SP 10), Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 96.1% (87/90) in the staging treatment group and was 91.1% (82/90) in the EA group, without significant difference in comparison (P > 0.05). The controlled and remarkably effective rate (88.9%, 80/90) in the staging treatment group was higher apparently than (62.2%, 56/90) in the EA group (P < 0.001). And in the EA group, with the disease progression and the further disease stages, the controlled and remarkably effective rate was reduced. After treatment, the scores of symptoms and signs were decreased in both groups (both P < 0.001), the improvement in the staging treatment group was superior to that in the EA group (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The different acupuncture methods at the three stages improve obviously the clinical effect and are highly targeted. The mechanism of the three stages on "meridian muscle region pathology" and the treatment based on the disease stages can be the effective approach to KOA.</p>

The progress of congenital cytomegalovirus infection and detection methods / 病毒学报

Cytomegalovirus infection is extremely common in the population, especially for newborns. Congenital CMV infection may cause central nervous system damage and other related diseases, thus potentially harmful. At home and abroad, some related research had been carried out on the incidence of disease, and a variety of detection methods had been developed. In this paper, the current situation of congenital cytomegalovirus infection and detection method is reviewed.

Protective effect of exogenous IGF-I on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with severe acute pancreatitis / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can result in intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) dysfunction. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of IGF-I on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with SAP and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham operation (SO group,n=24), a SAP group not treated with IGF-I (SAP group,n=24), and a SAP group treated with IGF-I (IGF-I group,n=24). SAP was induced in the rats by injecting 5.0％ sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. The SO rats were given an infusion of normal saline instead. The rats in the IGF-I group underwent the SAP procedure and were given a subcutaneous injection of IGF-I at 30 minutes before the operation and at 3 hours after the operation. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. Apoptosis of mucosal cells in the small intestine was determined by TUNEL. The levels of endotoxin and DAO and serum amylase were also measured. Pathologic changes in the small intestine were monitored. Changes of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in the small intestine were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The levels of serum amylase were lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at all three time points (P<0.05). The levels of endotoxin in the IGF-I group were higher than those in the SAP group at 6 hours, but lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours (P<0.05). The levels of diamine oxidase were higher in the IGF-I group at 6 hours but lower than those in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours. The pathological score of the small intestine was lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group, and the difference was statistically significant at 12 and 24 hours. The pathologic changes observed under electron microscopy were better in the IGF-I group than those in the SAP group. The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells was significantly decreased in the IGF-I group compared with the SAP group. Compared with the SO group, the mRNA expression levels of bax were increased at each time point in the SAP group, and were significantly decreased in the IGF-I group as compared with the SAP group at each time point (P<0.05). The expression levels of bcl-2 were weak and not different between the SO group and the SAP group (P>0.05). They were significantly increased in the IGF-I group versus the SO and SAP groups (P<0.05). The ratio of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression levels at each time point in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the SO group, but they were obviously decreased in the IGF-I group. CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous IGF-I seems to protect mucosal cells in the small intestine against SAP-induced apoptosis and could alleviate SAP-induced injury of the intestinal mucosa. The underlying mechanisms include enhanced mRNA expression of bcl-2 and inhibition of bax mRNA expression.

Risk factors for influenza A (H1N1) -associated pneumonia on hospitalized people less than 18years old in China, 2009-2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To describe the epidemiological and clinical features of hospitalized people less than 18 years old with influenza A (H1N1)-associated pneumonia and associated risk factors.Methods Through Chinese Reporting System of Influenza A (H 1 N1 ),children aged under 18 years who were hospitalized with laboratory confirmed influenza A (H1N1),case report forms and related information on pneumonia were collected between 1 September 2009 and 4 July 2010.Epidemiological and clinical characteristics including demographics,underlying chronic diseases,treatment,complications and clinical outcome etc.were described.Hospitalized children with pneumonia were compared with those without the above mentioned features,through the univariate and multivariate analysis.Results There were 4240 influenza A (H1N1)-associated hospitalized children with case report forms identified.Of the 4107 influenza A (H1N1) -associated hospitalized children with related information on pneumonia shown in the case report forms,2289 (55.7％) of them had pneumonia.Hospitalized children with influenza A (H1N 1 ) -associated pneumonia had a younger median age (4.9year old),when compared with those without pneumonia (13.1 year old,P＜ 0.0001 ).When compared with the hospitalized children without pneumonia,those hospitalized children with pneumonia were more likely to require intensive care unit care,using mechanical ventilation epuipmentto develop ARDS,respiratory failure or leading to death.Data from multivariate analysis showed that children aged ＜6months(OR=7.08,95％CI:4.15-12.06) between 6 and 23 months(aOR=8.26,95％CI:6.10-11.20) or between 2 to 4 year old (aOR=9.53,95％CI:7.39-12.29) were more likely to develop pneumonia than children aged 5 to 17.Factors as having asthma (OR=12.19,95％ CI:5.18-28.72),cardiovascular disease (OR=5.19,95％ CI:1.94-13.90),chronic renal diseases (OR=2.14,95％ CI:1.02-4.53),chronic hepatic diseases ( OR =5.26,95％ CI:1.40-19.81 ) and allergy (OR=2.54,95％ CI:1.64-3.93 )were significantly associated with influenza A (H1N1) -associated pneumonia.Risk of complication with pneumonia had an increase when oseltamivir treatment was initiated ＞2 days after the onset of illness.Conclusion Pneumonia was a common complication among children hospitalized with influenza A (H1N1).Hospitalized children with influenza A (H1N1)-associated pneumonia were more likely to develop either severe clinical courses or outcomes than those without pneumonia.

Study on the relation between expression of angiotensin II receptor and apoptosis in myocardium in rats of endotoxemia / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the expression of angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor and apoptosis in myocardium in rats of endotoxemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Model of endotoxemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg in male Wistar rats and saline was injected into control group. The rats were killed at 2 h or 6 h after saline (control) or LPS . Expression of the correlation factors related to apoptosis of Bcl-2, Bax, AT1 and AT2 receptor in myocardial tissue were detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC), and changes of myocardial cells apoptosis was detected by the method of TUNEL. The gene expression of AT1 and AT2 receptor was examined by RT-PCR. The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed by electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group , the expression of AT1 and AT2 receptor were significantly decreased, especially in 6 h group; and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were decreased, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax had the downtrend as well as the apoptosis of myocardial cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Interfered by LPS, the down regulation of AT1 and AT2 receptor expression has the negative relation with apoptosis of myocardial cells, this result indicated that down regulation of AT1 and AT2 receptor expression maybe related to cardiac functional impairment, which maybe help us to find a new protective path to prevent myocardial damage induced by systemic inflammatory.</p>

Investigation on Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection among farmers and domestic animals in rural areas of Beijing, China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the status of Ehrlichia (E.)chaffeensis and A naplasma (A.) phagocytophilum infection among farming populations and domestic animals in the rural area of Beijing,China.Methods Blood samples from 562 farmers and 163 blood samples including 90 goats,71 ox and 2 dogs,were collected.Specificity of IgG antibodies against E.chaffeensis and A.phagocytophilum were tested by micro-indirect immunofluorescent assay (mIFA).16S rRNA genes of A.phagocytophilum were amplified from the domestic animal blood samples and products were sequenced and analyzed by nested PCR.Results The positive rates of E.chaffeensis and A.phagocytophilum antibody were 16.5％ and 14.0％ respectively for farmers.The total positive rates of A.phagocytophilum were 2.3％ and 0 for both goats and oxen respectively.No antibody was found for the 2 tested dogs.The PCR positive rates were 48.9％ and 23.9％ for goats and oxen respectively.Three dominant varieties of A.phagocytophilum were demonstrated in goats and oxen.Conclusion The prevalence rates of E.chaffeensis and A.phagocytophilum were identified in the rural areas of Beijing.

Role of the lung in the progression of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in ageing rat model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly (MODSE) is a problem with high mortality in the critical care of elderly patients. The pathogenesis of MODSE remains elusive. This study aimed to establish rat models of MODSE and to investigate the pathogenetic mechanism responsible for the development of MODSE in the rat models.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four-month old rats (elderly) received intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce rat model of MODSE. In the model, we observed the physical responses, biochemical indices changes, histopathological features of vital organs, including lung, liver, heart, and kidney. We also investigated the sequence of individual organ dysfunction and changes of proinflammatory factors. Three-month-old rats, serving as young rat controls, received parallel procedures. Besides, normal saline injection was also performed on elderly and young control rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All rats displayed different degree of physical response after LPS injection, preceded by deterioration of respiratory status. At 6 hours, lung injury was observed, which started earlier than other organ injury that was observed in about 24 hours. Furthermore, all vital organ injury was more severe in elderly rats than in young rats at the same time points. After LPS injection, pulmonary alveolar macrophages apoptosis rate increased obviously, and was more significant in elderly rats ((43.4 ± 8.4)%) than in young rats ((24.2 ± 3.0)%). LPS injection also enhanced tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) concentration significantly in these organs. Its peak concentration appeared at 6 hours in lung tissue and at 24 hours in other organs after LPS injection. TNF-a level was higher in elderly rats than in young rats at the same time points. The increase was most significant in lung tissue. After intravenous administration of LPS, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in lung tissue was upregulated markedly, and peaked at 6 hours. In contrast, upregulation of TLR4 expression in liver peaked at 24 hours, lagging behind that in the lung.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lung is the first and most seriously injured organ in rat model of MODSE and it may play an "initiating" role in the development of MODSE.</p>

Fifteen-year evolving trends of etiology and prognosis in hospitalized patients with heart failure / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the etiological and prognostic changes of hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This retrospective study analyzed 7319 hospitalized patients (male 62.07%) with validated primary discharge diagnosis of chronic heart failure in Chinese PLA General Hospital in Beijing from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2007. Etiological characteristics, comorbidities and 30-day hospitalized mortality in the following three periods: 1993 - 1997 (n = 1623), 1998 - 2002 (n = 2444), and 2003 - 2007 (n = 3252) were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The patient age increased [(56.0 ± 17.5) years, (57.8 ± 17.6) years and (62.7 ± 15.5) years, P < 0.01] and hospital stay time decreased [(31.3 ± 17.4) days, (22.7 ± 14.1) days and (20.1 ± 15.2) days, P < 0.01] from 1993 to 2007. (2) The common causes of heart failure were coronary heart disease, hypertension, rheumatic valvular heart disease and diabetes mellitus. From 1993 - 1998 to 2003 - 2007, the proportion of patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus rose from 37.2%, 23.3% and 12.3% to 46.8%, 46.7% and 21.1%, respectively (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile the proportion of patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease fell from 35.2% to 16.6% (P < 0.05). (3) The main etiologies and comorbidities were atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal failure. From 1993 - 1998 to 2003 - 2007, atrial fibrillation was the most common cause of heart failure, and the rate of myocardial infarction, pneumonia and renal failure rose from 11.0%, 8.9% and 5.2% to 14.7%, 14.5% and 9.1%, respectively (all P < 0.05) and the rate of COPD fell from 12.9% to 8.4% (P < 0.05). (4) The 30-day hospitalized mortalities in the three periods were 7.0%, 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively, and the mortalities in the 1998 - 2002 and 2003 - 2007 periods were lower than those of in the 1993 - 1998 period (all P < 0.05). The mortality related to coronary heart disease decreased significantly from 1993 to 2007 (9.3%, 5.0% and 3.8% in the three periods, respectively, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is demonstrated that the primary diseases causing heart failure were coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and rheumatic valvular heart disease, and the former three diseases exhibited a upward trend and the later one exhibited a downward trend. Moreover, the proportion of comorbidities in patients with heart failure increased over the study period. The 30-day hospital mortality exhibited a downward trend and decreased significantly in patients with coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction.</p>

Sero-epidemiological investigation on Rickettsia typhi,Bartonella henselae and Orientia tsutsugamushi in farmers from rural areas of Tianjin,2007-2009 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the sero-epidemiological starus regarding Rickettsia (R.) typhi,Bartonella (B.) henselae and Orientia (O.) tsutsugamushi in farmers from rural areas of Tianjin.Methods Field epidemiological surveys were performed in 8 districts (county) of Tianjin city from 2007 to 2009.886 farmers were randomly recruited and their serum samples collected to detect the specific antibodies of R.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi by micro-indirect immunoflorescence (IFA).Results The total antibody positive rates of R.typhi increased from 5.0% to 58.2% while B.heaselae had an increase from 2.6% to 14.5% and O.tsutsugamushi increased from 1.8% to 39.8%.Geographic distribution showed that farmers living in the central and southeast areas were higher than that in other areas.Conclusion Infections of both R.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi in farmers from Tianjin areas were popular and the antibody positive rates ofR.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi had an annual increase.

Effect of phosphatase PHLPP1 gene transfer on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the constituent expression of PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the effect of PHLPP1 gene transfer on the proliferation of the cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured HUVECs were transfected with pcDNA3-GFP or pcDNA3HA-PHLPP1 via lipofectamine 2000. The cell proliferation ability was determined by cell counting and MTT colorimetric assay, and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of PHLPP1 in the cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No PHLPP1 protein was detected in the non-transfected cells or pcDNA3-GFP-transfected cells. pcDNA3HA-PHLPP1 gene transfection significantly increased PHLPP1 expression in the HUVECs (P<0.01), but the cell proliferation status remained unchanged (P>0.05). The absorbance of the cells measured by MTT assay was 0.134-/+0.0152, 0133-/+0.014 and 0.137-/+0.016, with cell counts of (8.293-/+0.962)x10(5), (7.937-/+0.101)x10(5) and (8.127-/+0.112)x10(5), respectively, showing no significant differences between the 3 groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Phosphatase PHLPP1 may not be the most important signal protein in the regulation of HUVEC proliferation.</p>

Construction of pSG5/TRIF and its expression in Huh7 cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the plasmid pSG5/TRIF and investigate its expression in Huh7 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The plasmid pCX4pur/Myc-TRIF was digested with Not I and the digestion product was blunted followed by further digestion with EcoR I to obtain the insert Myc-TRIF. pSG5 was digested sequentially with Sma I and EcoR I. All the digested products were analyzed with agarose gel electrophoresis. The products with the expected size were extracted and ligated, and the positive clones were screened by ampicillin and amplified. The recombinant pSG5/TRIF was extracted, purified, and identified by restriction endonuclease BamH I and agarose gel electrophoresis. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into Huh7 cells with FuGene 6 reagents and into Huh7 cells previously infected with recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) via Lipofectin. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of the recombinant plasmids, and the transfection efficiency with different transfection reagents was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BamH I digestion resulted in a fragment with the expected size. Immunofluorescence staining showed successful expression of Myc-TRIF protein in Huh7 cells, and the transfection efficiency was enhanced in Huh7 cells previously infected with rVV. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the relative molecular mass of the expressed product by pSG5/Myc-TRIF was about 100 ku, and prior infection of the cells with rVV obviously increased transfection efficiency, as was consistent with the results of immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>pSG5/Myc-TRIF is successfully constructed and expressed in Huh7 cells. The expression efficiency can be increased by prior infection of the cells with rVV.</p>

Epidemiology and surveillance programs on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Mainland China, 2005-2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic and surveillance data of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HERS) in China, from 2005 to 2008, to describe the epidemiology and trend of HERS. Methods Descriptive epidemiology were studied to analyze the surveillance data from 2005 to 2008, collected from both the internet-based national notifiable disease reporting system and 40 HFRS sentinel sites developed since 2005 in 40 counties around China. Results A total of 56 077 HERS cases and 692 deaths reported in China with case fatality rate as 1.23%. Morbidity and mortality had been annually decreasing since 2004. The top 7 provinces with HFRS cases were Heilongjiang, Lianning, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi, Hebei and Zhejiang, which had a total of 44 081 cases reported, accounting for 78.61% of the total number of cases, in the nation. More cases were reported in spring and autumn-winter season, with the peak in November. Cases reported in males were 3.13 times of the females and most cases seen in young and middle-aged farmers. The density and the virus carrying rate of animal hosts and the distribution of dominant species were relatively stable and similar to the previous findings. Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus were still the most common and predominant animal hosts. No genetic mutation of Hantavirus was detected in the surveillance program. Conclusion The continuous descending trend of the HERS epidemics could be related to the successful strategies on comprehensive prevention and control measures, as controlling the number of rodents and vectors, carrying out HERS vaccination campaign and health education by the local health care takers in the recent years. Implementation of the new national Expanded Program of Immunization on HFRS vaccine in high-risk areas may further reduce the epidemics. However,both the density and the virus carried rate among the host animals remain high in some areas, together with the emergence of new epidemic areas, all call for more attention to be paid on the disease.

Generation of neutralizing recombinant human antibodies for targeting highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus / 病毒学报

Two human Fab antibodies against avian influenza A (H5N1) virus were obtained by panning a H5N1 patient-derived antibody phage library using purified virions of the H5N1 patient isolate A/Anhui/1/2005 and HA protein of the H5N1 reference viruse A/Viet Nam/1203/2004. After testing the binding properties and antiviral function to H5N1 virus, the selected Fab antibodies were converted to full human IgG antibodies with recombinant baculovirus/insect cell system. Both mAbs, AVFluIgG01 and AVFluIgG03, bound to HA in immunofluorescence assay (IFA) without cross-reaction with the other substypes of influenza A viruses (H1N1, H3N2). The cross-reactivity of the two antibodies for different strains of H5N1 was tested in vitro by micro-neutralization assays. In vitro, mAb AVFluIgG01 potently neutralized not only the selected well-characterized Clade 2 H5N1 viruses isolated from mainland of China except A/Guangdong/1/2006, but also the Clade 1 representative isolate A/Viet Nam/1203/2004; and AVFluIgG03 neutralized all the selected Clade 2 H5N1 viruses isolated from mainland of China, but had no neutralizing activity with the Clade 1 H5N1 virus A/Viet Nam/1203/2004. The results bring new prospect for the prophylaxis or treatment of H5N1 virus infection and may provide a clue for novel vaccine development.

An epidemiological study on carotid atherosclerosis among veterans in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) among veterans in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>820 individuals, aged 60 or above, were randomly selected out from 8202 individuals, 21 military cadre retirement centers in Beijing. Each individual answered a questionnaire and received Doppler ultrasonic examination for an observation of the Internal-Media Thickness and structure of the carotid. A logistic regression analysis was also made to identify possible risk factors and their powers on the prevalence of CAS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis by ultrasonic examinations among the veterans in Beijing was 44.0%, of which males taked 53.8% and females taked 33.5%. The prevalence rised with the increase of age. Among them, the prevalence ratio of CAS for ages of 60-69, 70-79, and 80 or above were 30.4%, 51.8%, 65.27%, respectively. Logistic regression was done to provide the following results: CAS risk factors include the age, sex, obesity, smoking, hypertention and diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of CAS among the veterans in Beijing rises with the increase of age. CAS risk factors include age, sex, obesity, smoking, hypertention and diabetes mellitus.</p>